Notes on variant interpretation, primate genomics, and the edges of clinical science.

Human-derived data alone leaves most variation unresolved; evolutionary time is the missing axis of biological evidence.

As testing scales to exomes and genomes, allele frequency alone cannot resolve the significance of most rare variants.

Human-only comparisons capture only recent variation and miss the deep evolutionary constraints that actually define gene function.

Why manual filtering remains a major bottleneck in variant interpretation, and how evolutionary evidence opens a scalable path forward.

Why the VUS problem persists despite more sequencing, and how evolutionary genomics introduces a biologically grounded new source of evidence.

Population databases describe what exists in human cohorts, but only evolution can tell you what biology tolerated across 80 million years.

Every gene has its own evolutionary tempo and pressure points, and those patterns are essential to understanding which variants drive disease.

We had an incredible time at ASHG 2025 and left energized by the level of interest in new approaches to variant interpretation.